Do you know lm431 datasheet

lm431 datasheet

Also notice that if the output of the regulator is slightly higher than 5V, that makes the Ref input slightly more than 2.5V, which causes the LM431 to sink current out of the base of the power PNP TIP34 transistor, which gets amplified by the β of the transistor, which causes a much larger current to flow from the output node to ground via the collector of the transistor. The transistor current adds to the current flowing in R1 1Ω resistor , which increases the drop across R1 in an amount such that the voltage at the output stays at 5V. This "shunts" current to ground exactly offsetting the reduction in load current keeping the drop across R1 and the output voltage constant.
lm431 datasheet
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